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| How do these two sculptures express the concept of schema and correction? List specific things such as formal elements and symbolic elements to illustrate your point. Use as much specific vocabulary as you can. |
I'm Kenney Mencher. I'm an artist who left a tenured professorship in 2016 to pursue making art full time. This blog is about art, art history, with a emphasis on human rights. I make homoerotic art featuring bears, otters & other gay wildlife.
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ReplyDeletePolykleitos Doryphorous, uses contrapposto where all the weight of the sculpture is placed on one leg. The sculpture portrays aesthetic perfection,from the the artist point of view. It uses Kalos which means an idealized beauty. And the artist uses Kanon which means the sculpture looks like it is about to start moving. On the other sculpture Augustus of Prima Porta, it shows he is barefooted symbolizing that he is among the Gods or heroes. His arm is raised in an locution form as in a General addressing his army. His cuirass symbolizes a whole story of regions taken over and Roman Gods such as Mars the God of War. On the bottom left corner its cupid riding a dolphin barefoot symbolizing his relation the the Goddess Venus, who is cupid's mother. Also the dolphin is diving into the sculpture so you only see it's tail. -John Hayes
ReplyDeleteThe correction the the Romans used was to support the new medium in the Roman corrections. The Greeks used the lost wax sculpture method and the bare feet do make the symbolization that the ruler is close to the gods and the earth. I love your way of using the gods and the names!
DeleteThe two indicated statues are the Doryphorus and Augustus Caesar. The Doryphorus is sculpted in the Classic Greek style and is considered the kanon of sculptures, being the sought after standard from 450/40 BCE on. It was the first of its kind and that is why it is considered the schema and original. One can observe the beauty of its idealistic Greek form, which is referred to as kalos, also to be noted is the contrapposto form with most of its weight shifted on its foot which creates an elegant S-shape or otherwise more lifelike pose. The Doryphorus encaptures the ideal form of a Greek soldier of the time, one can see the symmetry of its body and the beautiful aesthetic of its countenance, which were all deemed "idealistic" by Greek standards. All of these features were thenceforth used and re-used by later artists. The statue of Augustus Caesar is an example of schema correction, where obvious elements and even the overall form of the schema (Doryphorus) are taken and so to speak enhanced. As one can see, Augustus' statue retains all of the features of the original: kalos, contrapposto pose, symmetry and life like aesthetics. But it also has a plethora of features that the Doryphorus did not have, such as a more realistic countenance and high relief clothing detail. These features are corrections to the schema; where the Doryphorus does not depict any specific entity in history, Augustus was carved/sculpted in the image of the actual Augusts of Prima Porta. And where the schema lacks a bit in symbolic elements, Augustus is teeming with iconic add ons which give the appreciator more insight into whom or at least how Augustus Caesar sought to be remembered. Icons like the armor and spear emphasize Augustus' military prowess and ruling capabilities. His bare feet could indicate his status being elevated to that of god or recordings of his victories on land. The icon of Cupid on a dolphin may symbolize victory at sea, though some experts speculate that it claims Augusts is a descendant of Mars and Venus. With the added icons it definitely makes Augustus of Prima Porta a much more stylistic and realistic as well as a much more personalized statue. (Erika Lin)
ReplyDeleteDoryphoros, and Augustus of Primaporta express the concept of schema and correction through various similarities and differences. The Greek and Roman Kanons both share the stance of contrapposto and in some parts the ideal physique. Although Augustus sets a more realistic standard and an upgrade from the polychroma statues is further adapted to the Roman culture by wearing a commemorative chest plate detailed with the victories of the patron. To make an addition to what John says about the small figure at the bottom it can just be a representation or symbol of victory, possibly at sea since he is riding on a dolphin. His hand gesture, staff and bare feet are a common expression of Power in the senate, attributing to the power held on the land or apotheosis after death.
ReplyDeleteThe Doryphorous is considered the canon and schema, which is what Augustus is modeled after. They're both standing on contrapposto, which is a relaxed pose, meaning 'counter posture.' The Doryphorous was made with kalos in mind, meaning beauty. It was made to be the ideal man and warrior, so it is appealing to the eye. Augustus was made to cater to classic Roman times, which is why it is considered the 'correction.' Instead of being the ideal warrior, he is supposed to be the ideal leader. While he is standing contrapposta, he has his right arm up and a spear in his left. Augustus is dressed in a way to show that he is a leader, which also shows in the movement of his right arm. Also, Augustus is pictured barefoot, which could be transferred into meaning he is thought to be among the Gods. -Andrea Gann
ReplyDeleteBoth sculptures are in a similar contraposto pose. Doryphoros has an ideal body that appeals to artist and the people. With its symmetry and kalos form. While Augustus has armor as though he is a leader in an army and power, which he clearly demonstrates as well with his right arm pose. Also the fact that he has bare feet implies that he is a god or close to being one himself. The cupid at the bottom near the foot of Augustus can represent that he is a descendant from god. From the Greeks sculpture to the Romans Augustus sculpture, the iconography shifted towards a certain person. This shows that Romans took the idea of the Greeks and evolved it to their own. Doryphoros sets the standard for the Augustus sculpture which means that Doryphoros is the canon.
ReplyDeleteThe two sculptures are both ideal figures of what a man should have been during those times. For example, Doryphoros is the ideal young man, whose body is an athlete body. When Rome started to sculpt figures, they took the schema of the classic Greek statue of the Doryphoros and made corrections to their ideal man, Augustus from Prima Porta. With Augustus he is the ideal citizen, a warrior, but not just a warrior but a leader that shows victory with the armor he wears and staff he holds. They also made Augustus more realistic movements as if he was making a speech or addressing something. One thing they do have in common is they both are posed in contrapposto to make it more life like.
ReplyDeleteThese sculptures, Doryphorus and Ceasar(left and right respectively), express Ernst Gombrich's concept of schema and correction extremely heavily. Gombrich's theory revolves around the concept of having an initial starting standard as a comparison point where remaking and matching can begin to create a finalized image. An artist using schema and correction can criticize the past creator of the original image through remaking the image. In this case, Ceasar is the result of schema and correction upon the original sculpture of Doryphorus. Basic concepts such as contraposto to make the image look more realistic are used identically. Both images even use the concept of symmetry, Doryphorus with a defined sternum in order to divide the body proportionally and Ceasar with a perfectly symmetrical piece of armor. However, in Ceasar, changes such as in the detail of the hair and the even further idealized body structure are apparent. Furthermore, the position of victory with an arm up high and armor with a long staff display Ceasar's holy greatness as a warrior and more. The fact that even cupid, a symbol for victory stands by his feet, further illustrates Ceasar's greatness and displays that Ceasar can be regarded as an equal to god.
ReplyDeleteThe Doryphorus sculpture expresses the concept of schema because it is like the plan. Doryphorus shows an ideal citizen, shown in the contrappasto stance. Augustus from Primaporta shows correction because it adds detail and meaning to the sculpture. Augustus is shown in the contrapposto stance, but he is shown as an ideal citizen elevated to the level of the Gods. He shows victory on land and at sea and looks as if he is in more of a realistic pose.
ReplyDeleteThe statue of Doryphorus was made in 440BCE, during the Classic Greek period. It is a nude male sculpture set in the contrapposto pose, wherein the statue seems to shift its weight to one side on one leg. In comparison, the statue of Augustus of Primaporta was made later in 20BCE and portrays a man dressed in military garb of the period. It is also set in the contrapposto pose with his left arm outstretched. Both statues are realistically made with anatomically correct proportions slightly exaggerated height. We can determine that the statue of Doryphorus is the schema because it seems to be the basis upon which the statue of Augustus of Primaporta is made and changed while the statue of Augustus of Primaporta is the correction, wherein certain attributes were added and modified to portray characteristics pertaining to its subject. For example, the statue of Doryphorus is basically a nude male figure set in a contrapposto pose and leaning on a branch. In comparison, the statue of Augustus is clothed in military garb, armed with a spear and armor. At his foot is a dolphin's tail upon which rides a little Cupid. All these added symbolic icons describe the artist's message to his audience, which is to say that Augustus of Primaporta is a powerful and important military leader, who is closely associated with the gods.
ReplyDeletePolykietos' sculpture,SPEAR BEARER ( DORYPHORUS), is the schema done in 450 BCE. Years later, in 20 BCE, sculptor, Gombrich, "corrected" (made changes, additions, or individualized) Polykieto's work with his sculpture, AUGUSTUS OF PRIMAPORTA . Both works use Polykietos' guidelines for symmetria (commensurability) in relationship of body parts. Both incorporate cross-balancing of supporting and relaxed elements (legs) known as "contrapposto. Movement of the figures is indicated with a bent knee and a foot poised on the ball of the foot. Polykietos set the ground rules for producing the ideal human figure. This process is called "the cannon" (kanon is Greek for 'measure, 'rule' or 'law'). The SPEAR BEARER has his left arm lifted to hold his spear, although the spear is missing.
ReplyDeleteEmperor Augustus had an over life size stature made of himself. The sculpture, AUGUSTUS OF PRIMAPORTA, has more of a humanistic element. The naturalistic detail of his hair, body armor (cuirass) which highlights his military victories, and uplifted finger (leader-like gesture) makes the emperor simple to recognize. His bare feet imply his status as a “exalted”, “sacred”tatus). , leading some to interpret the sculpture was made after Augustus’ death to substantiate his apotheosis (elevation to divine status).
Laurie Ericson 9/15/12
The Doryphorus was designed by the Greek standards of kalos or beauty. Meaning that they looked at these statues as people they should be like or look like. Where the Augustus of Primaporta was designed in a naturalistic view portraying a man realistic view of the man that this was designed after. Using the wet drapery style and naturalistic facial expressions and hair to make the piece look like Augustus. These pieces both show haute and bah relief in the carving methods used. They both are in contraposto stance meaning that they were noble, wealthy or were high up on the hieratic scale.
ReplyDeleteThe Doryphonos statue was meant for studying reasons with in a class (of a man whom i forgot the name of) about the perfect body to study in ancient Greek. it was made sometime around 450BCE. The nifty part about this statue that before this copy, and before THAT copy, and maybe before another copy, it was made in a wax statue mixed with bronze, it was so cool that that the statue was posable! The teachers (or students) back in the day could change the positions to how ever you like and it would to stand on its own (if posed the right way. with the copy that is presented, it is in contra posta, a fancy word for a look of a statue that may move ( i could do a doctor who reference but that part is more terrifying). With the other statue, the statue of Augustus from Prima Porta from the 20BCE, obviously it is in contra posta and this time the statue is not in the nude, but in battle armor. it was made for as an icon of power, to the man it was made after. with the cloth worn around his waist, is to represent wealth and as discussed in class, it looks like he had a spear from war. and that little cupid is there just show family representation? but anyway, both are in the contra posta pose, both manly and majestic, Augustus is a bit more naturalistic than the other, and both are young in which they are noble, young, and strong will.
ReplyDelete~Angelica R. 2.5.13
Both of the sculptures represent for the role model of their people. Both Doryphoros and Augustus from Prima Porta have same contrapposto stance which shows the details of their muscular bodies and also create the sense of motion to the sculpture. Both sculptures have heroic features such as holding the weapon, and Augustus wearing a decorated armor. However, Augustus from Prima Porta evolved the sculpture by adding more naturalistic facial expressions, facial features and hand pointing outward. Moreover, the artist added detailed clothing to show the victory of the patron and added the decorated stand that tells story of the patron.
ReplyDeletePwint Tharaphy
The Doryphoros (a Roman copy of the Greek original) is the schema used to create many other sculptures including the Roman Augustus of Prima Porta. There are many similarities between the two, but also some important differences. Both of the sculptures are idealized human forms shown in the natural looking contrapposto stance. They are tall, athletic, and without blemish. However, the Doriphoros is much more simple in terms of decoration. The figure is completely nude, and the support at his ankle is simple as well. Wealth is not shown off, at the sculpture is not showing a particular person, but an imaginary, mathematically correct ideal. The Augustus of Prima Porta is a correction to the schema of the Doryphoros, but it is also a correction to the Greek ideal. While the ideals of athleticism and proportion are still emphasized, the simplicity of the Doryphoros is "corrected" with the additions of intricate armor, a dolphin, and cupid. These additions show new ideals, ideals of wealth, opulence, and a more is better approach. Because the Augustus of Prima Porta was an actual person, although idealized in the sculpture, it also show the Roman idea that this "ideal" is actually attained by a real person, the Caesar. This idea doesn't seem to be shared by the Greeks who's Doryphoros is not made personal in the same way. -Aurora Morris
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ReplyDeleteThe "Doryphoros" by Polykleitos (on left) is a Greek original, whereas "Augustus from Prima Porta" is a Roman correction of Polykleitos' schema. The schema had something called canon, which was a term used to define the standard of beauty accepted at the time of the Doryphoros. He is youthful and strong, chiseled to perfection with a confident shift of weight in his stance called contrapposto. The Greeks were more concerned with an idealistic, god-like beauty. Their sculptures always represented what they believed a citizen of Greece should look like. Beauty meant inwardly good, and if one was innately benevolent it would show in their natural, human form. Essentially, every Greek work of art was a lesson to be learned. The perfection represented here is almost imperfect, the "Greek nose" has a large, straight bridge, his ears are offset, and his hair looks like a matted ball of cabbage yet, this statue was considered what the Greeks called "Kalos" or the idealized look and form of beauty, health and strength, for a young man.
ReplyDeleteThe Augustus from Prima Porta is less concerned with beauty and perfection. The Romans did adopt a lot of Greece's ideology but they put their own spin on it. Because Rome was a forward thinking, status obsessed society, the Roman artists were more concerned with capturing the person for who they were and what they had accomplished. Instead of being perfect like the Doryphoros, Augustus looks a bit older. His ears stick out in a silly way and his nose is imperfect. Essentially, he looks like an average person. He is also in contrapposto, showing some movement as if he were to walk off the pedestal and orate to a crowd of hungry listeners, his strong arm leading the way. His arm position and clothing shows signs of status and wealth. Upon the first look one would assumed he was obviously a great leader of some sort, even without any historical background given. Yes, there are some perfections here and there but the stark difference between the Doryphoros and the Augustus from Prima Porta are obvious. His hair is more lifelike and his eyes aren't even perfectly symmetrical; even the musculature around his neck and arms are more realistic and "uneven." The Greek Kalos still shows through in a youthful, healthy and strong sense but Augustus is still just a human. The study of these two statues, Polykleitos' "Doryphoros" and "Augustus from Prima Porta" represent the mindset of each era. One is concerned with perfection, beauty, symmetry and mathematical logic, whereas the other yearns for wealth, power, and status.
~ Kayla Briones